3rd Year GNM Nursing KARNATAKA Community Health Nursing - II DECEMBER 2024
KARNATAKA STATE DIPLOMA IN NURSING EXAMINATION BOARD GNM THEORY EXAMINATION DECEMBER 2024 3rd YEAR-PAPER-II (COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING)
(Note: Draw a neat and labelled diagram wherever necessary)
I. Give the meaning of the following
Answer :
- Domiciliary care
Care given in the home of the patient (or client) rather than in a hospital or institution — i.e., the nurse (or health worker) visits the client’s home to provide services, monitoring, support and treatment in the home environment. - Primary health care
According to the World Health Organization (WHO): “Primary health care is a whole-of-society approach to effectively organise and strengthen national health systems to bring services for health and wellbeing closer to communities.”
In simpler nursing terms: the first level of contact for individuals, families and communities with the health system — covering health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care, delivered in a way that is accessible, equitable and as close as possible to people’s everyday environment. - Maternal mortality rate
This is an indicator showing the number of maternal deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period (usually within 42 days of termination of pregnancy), per a given number of live births (often expressed per 100,000 live births). For example, the UNICEF definition: “The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is the number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100 000 live births during the same time period.” - Health
team: A group of
persons who share common objectives determined by community needs, and
toward whose achievement each member contributes in accordance with
his/her competence and skills, respecting the functions of the others.
- Infertility: A condition
of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy
after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.
II. Fill in the blanks
Answer :
|
No |
Answer |
|
5 |
Demography |
|
6 |
Geneva |
|
7 |
1000
population |
|
8 |
Dr.
Samuel Hahnemann |
|
9 |
Well-baby
clinic |
III. Write short notes for any FOUR of the following
Answer :
9. Functions of Primary Health Care
Primary
Health Care performs the following functions:
- Promotion of health – health
education, personal hygiene, nutrition, safe water.
- Prevention of diseases –
immunization, family planning, screening, early diagnosis.
- Curative services –
treatment of common illnesses, first aid, basic drugs.
- Rehabilitation –
community-based rehabilitation for disabled & chronically ill.
- Referral services –
identifying cases that need specialist/ hospital care and referring.
- Record keeping &
reporting – vital statistics, survey, home visits.
- Coordination with community
participation – inter-sectoral coordination for water supply, sanitation,
nutrition, school health, etc.
10. Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK)
- JSSK was launched by
Government of India in 2011 under NRHM.
- Aim – to reduce maternal
& infant mortality by providing free services.
- Under JSSK pregnant women
and sick newborns (till 30 days) are entitled to:
- Free delivery &
C-section
- Free drugs &
consumables
- Free diagnostics
- Free diet for 3 days
(normal) and 7 days (C-section)
- Free blood transfusion
- Free transport – home →
institution → referral → home
- It removes out-of-pocket
expenditure for pregnant women.
- Covers public health
facilities from PHC to district hospital.
11. Objectives & Achievements of Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974)
Objectives:
- Achieve “growth with
stability & progressive achievement of self-reliance”.
- To reduce inequalities in
income & wealth.
- Agriculture development +
industrial growth.
- Stress on family planning to
control population.
Achievements:
- Food grain production
increased.
- Many irrigation projects
completed.
- Industrial growth improved
slightly.
- Family planning programmes
strengthened & expanded.
12. Importance of Health Statistics
- It provides numerical
data about health & diseases in population.
- Helps in planning,
organising & evaluating health programmes.
- Identifies health needs,
trends & priorities.
- Useful in measuring success
of health schemes like immunization, MCH, TB etc.
- Helps in research &
evidence-based decision making.
- Forms basis for health
policy, budgeting & allocation of resources.
- Helps in calculating rates –
birth rate, death rate, MMR, IMR etc.
13. Kartar Singh Committee (1973)
- Appointed by Government of
India in 1972 – Report submitted in 1973.
- Purpose – to study staffing
pattern at PHC & Sub-centre.
- Major recommendation –
introduce the category of Multi-Purpose Health Workers (Male &
Female).
- Suggested 1 Sub Centre
for 5000 population (3000 in tribal/hilly).
- Emphasized integration
of health & family planning functions.
- Recommended training
of MPHW for 18 months.
- Basis for present Sub-centre
& PHC staffing pattern.
IV. Answer the following
Answer :
14. Define Health Team (2 marks)
Health team is a group of trained health personnel who work together with a
common goal to promote, maintain and restore the health of the people.
Each member contributes according to his/her skill and cooperates with others
to achieve community health objectives.
15. Role of Health Assistant Male and Female in
Community (6 marks)
Health Assistant Male (HA-M):
·
Supervises the work of MPHW (Male) & field
workers.
·
Assists in control of communicable diseases like
TB, malaria, leprosy etc.
·
Conducts epidemiological investigations &
outbreak control.
·
Organises health camps – immunization, family
welfare, sanitation.
·
Provides health education in the community –
hygiene, nutrition, safe water.
·
Maintains records, registers & prepares
reports.
Health Assistant Female (HA-F):
·
Supervises the work of ANM & MPHW (Female).
·
Provides services in MCH & Family Welfare –
antenatal, postnatal, infant care.
·
Works for Institutional delivery promotion under
RCH / JSSK.
·
Organizes immunization sessions – cold chain
maintenance.
·
Conducts home visits – high risk mothers,
newborn care.
·
Maintains eligible couple register, family
planning follow-up, reports.
16. Define School Health Services (2 marks)
School health services are the promotive, preventive, curative and
rehabilitative health services provided to school children to maintain
physical, mental, emotional and social health and to detect and correct health
problems early.
17. Aims and Objectives of School Health Services (3
marks)
·
To promote and maintain good health of school
children.
·
Early detection and treatment of health
problems.
·
Prevention of communicable diseases
(immunization, hygiene education).
·
Develop positive health behaviour & health
consciousness.
·
Provide health education – nutrition,
cleanliness, exercise, safety, first aid.
·
Improve school environment – safe water,
sanitation, ventilation.
18. Role of Nurse in School Health Services (3 marks)
·
Conduct health appraisal – health check-up,
screening & height/weight chart.
·
Organise immunization as per national schedule.
·
Provide first-aid and treatment of minor
illnesses.
·
Health education – hygiene, nutrition, personal
cleanliness, prevention of diseases.
·
Maintain health records of each child &
follow-up of sick children.
·
Coordinate with teachers, parents & health
team for referrals.
V. State the following statement is True / False
Answer :
19. The census
is taken once in 10 years. → True
(India conducts census every 10 years)
20. Zila
Parishad supervises and coordinates development programmes in urban areas. → False
(It works in rural area – Urban area = municipal bodies)
21. CSSM was
started on 20th August 1992. → True
(Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme launched in 1992)
22. Farmer’s
lung is caused by inhalation of grain dust. → True
(It is due to inhalation of mouldy hay / grain / dust)
23. BCG vaccine
is given to prevent TB. → True
(BCG = Bacillus Calmette Guerin – used for TB prevention)
VI. Write short notes for any THREE of the following
Answer :
23. Roles and Responsibilities of ASHA Worker
·
ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) is a
female community volunteer selected from the village under NRHM.
·
Acts as a link between community and health
system.
·
Provides health education – hygiene, nutrition,
breastfeeding, family planning.
·
Identifies pregnant women, ensures ANC
check-ups, TT, IFA distribution, promotes institutional delivery (JSSK / JSY).
·
Supports immunization sessions and mobilizes
beneficiaries.
·
Provides first aid for minor ailments, ORS for
diarrhea, home-based newborn care.
·
Maintains village health registers, participates
in VHND and monthly meetings.
·
Facilitates referrals to PHC/CHC in emergency.
24. Indian Red Cross Society (IRCS)
·
Established in 1920 under
Indian Red Cross Act.
·
National humanitarian voluntary organisation.
·
Provides relief during disasters, wars,
epidemics and emergencies.
·
Organizes blood donation camps & maintains
blood banks.
·
Conducts first-aid training, health camps,
ambulance services.
·
Works in Social welfare – handicapped, refugees,
elderly, orphans.
·
Promotes safe water, sanitation, hygiene,
community health programmes.
·
Part of International Red Cross Movement (Geneva
based).
25. Uses of Vital and Health Statistics
(If this is selected instead of MNP)
·
Helps to measure health status of population –
birth rate, death rate, MMR, IMR etc.
·
Helps to detect disease trends and distribution.
·
Useful in planning, organizing and evaluating
health programmes.
·
Helps in resource allocation & policy making
by government.
·
Supports research, surveys, and academic
studies.
·
Helps to compare health indicators between
states / countries.
OR (Minimum Needs
Programme MNP – 1974-75)
·
Launched during 5th Plan to provide basic
minimum services to rural poor.
·
Components – rural health, rural water supply,
rural electrification, housing, nutrition, elementary education, adult
education.
·
Aim – reduce regional inequalities and improve
quality of life.
26. Antenatal Care
·
Care given to pregnant women from conception to
onset of labour.
·
Objective – ensure safe motherhood and healthy
baby.
·
Components:
o
Early registration of pregnancy (≤12 weeks)
o
Minimum 4 ANC visits
o
TT immunization
o
IFA tablets – 100–180 days
o
Weight, BP, Hb check, urine exam
o
Screening for high-risk pregnancy
o
Nutrition counselling, rest & danger signs
education
·
Promotes institutional delivery and referral of
complications.
VII. Answer the following
Answer :
27. Define Demography (3 marks)
Demography is the scientific study of human population,
particularly with reference to its size, distribution, composition and
changes over time, such as birth, death, migration, fertility and
mortality.
OR – Definition
of Family Planning:
Family planning means planned and responsible parenthood by
regulating the number of children and spacing between births, through use of
contraceptive methods, to promote the health of mother, child and family.
28. Explain the role of Nurse in Family Planning
Programme (5 marks)
·
Identify eligible couples and maintain records.
·
Provide health education on spacing, small
family norm and healthy timing of pregnancy.
·
Counsel couples on different methods of
contraception – temporary & permanent.
·
Provide motivation for acceptance of family
planning services.
·
Demonstrate and distribute temporary
contraceptives – condoms, OCPs, IUCD referral.
·
Assist in organizing sterilization camps,
arrange referral for tubectomy / vasectomy.
·
Follow-up of acceptors for side effects and
complications.
·
Work with health team – ANM, ASHA to ensure
coverage & reporting.
OR – Temporary
methods of Family Planning:
·
Barrier methods – condoms
·
Oral contraceptive pills
·
IUCD (Copper-T)
·
Chemical spermicides
·
Safe period / coitus interruptus
·
Injectable contraceptives
29. Define Geriatric Nursing (2 marks)
Geriatric nursing is the branch of nursing concerned with care of
older adults (60 years and above) to maintain their physical, mental,
social wellbeing and to prevent disability, treat illness and promote quality
of life in old age.
30. Problems associated with Old Age & Role of
Nurse in Geriatric Care (8 marks)
Problems of Old age:
·
Chronic diseases – hypertension, diabetes,
arthritis, COPD.
·
Sensory loss – poor vision, hearing impairment.
·
Loss of memory / dementia / depression.
·
Social isolation, loneliness, dependency.
·
Reduced mobility → accidents, falls.
·
Financial insecurity & lack of family
support.
Role of Nurse in Geriatric Care:
·
Health assessment – detect chronic illnesses,
monitor BP, sugar, mobility.
·
Provide health education – diet, exercise,
medication adherence, fall prevention.
·
Assist in ADL – bathing, grooming, walking
support if needed.
·
Encourage social interaction, group activities
to reduce loneliness.
·
Provide emotional support, counselling to
patient & family.
·
Ensure safe environment – light, handrails,
non-slip floors.
·
Coordinate referrals (eye clinic, physiotherapy,
mental health).
·
Maintain records & follow-up visits.
