1st Year GNM KARNATAKA PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY 2025
KARNATAKA
STATE DIPLOMA IN NURSING EXAMINATION BOARD
GNM
THEORY EXAMINATION – FEBRUARY 2025
1st
YEAR - BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES - PAPER – II
(PSYCHOLOGY
AND SOCIOLOGY)
I. Give the meaning of the following
Answer :
1. Behaviour
Behaviour means any observable action or response of an
individual.
It includes how a person acts, speaks, reacts, or conducts himself
in different situations.
2. Id
According to Freud, Id is the instinctive /
primitive part of personality.
It works on the pleasure principle, and demands immediate
satisfaction of urges, drives & desires (e.g. hunger, sex, pleasure).
3. Repression
Repression is a defence mechanism in which painful,
unpleasant or threatening thoughts are pushed into the
unconscious mind so that the person does not feel anxiety or stress.
4. Attitude
Attitude means a learned way of thinking, feeling and behaving
toward a person, object, idea or situation.
It is a predisposition to behave in a particular manner —
either positive or negative.
II. Fill in the blanks
Answer :
- Reasoning is the highest form of
thinking.
- Memory is the special ability of
the mind to store information.
- Facial expressions are one
mode of non-verbal communication.
- The term IQ was introduced by William Stern.
III. Write short notes for any FOUR of the following
Answer :
9. Types of Conflict
Conflict
means the state of mental struggle when a person has to choose between
two opposite forces or motives.
Major
types:
- Approach – Approach Conflict
→ Choice between two attractive goals. (e.g. nursing vs. teaching) - Avoidance – Avoidance
Conflict
→ Choice between two unpleasant goals. - Approach – Avoidance
Conflict
→ Same goal has both positive and negative aspects. (e.g. earning more salary but shifting far from home) - Multiple Approach –
Avoidance Conflict
→ Several alternatives, each has advantages & disadvantages.
Conflict
often produces tension, hesitation and delay in decision making.
10. Effects of Frustration
Frustration
occurs when a person’s goal-directed behaviour is blocked.
Effects
include:
- Anger / Aggression
- Withdrawal / Depression
- Anxiety & stress
- Lower confidence
- Faulty behaviour such as
daydreaming, escape, addiction
If
frustration continues for long time → it may lead to maladjustment and
behaviour disorders.
11. Importance of Good Habit
Formation for the Nurse
Habits
are learned behaviour patterns performed automatically and regularly.
Importance:
- Saves time & energy
in nursing procedures
- Helps in accuracy, efficiency
and economy of work
- Builds professional
discipline (hand washing, asepsis, record keeping)
- Creates trust and positive
nurse–patient relationship
- Reduces stress during
emergencies because correct behaviour becomes automatic
Good
habits support safe & quality patient care.
12. Errors in Perception
Perception
means interpreting sensory information.
Errors in
perception happen when interpretation becomes incorrect.
Common
perception errors:
- Illusions – Misinterpretation of real
external object (e.g. rope seen as snake)
- Hallucinations – Perceiving object without
stimulus (seen in psychosis)
- Stereotypes & prejudices
- Expectancy & past
experience effects
- Fatigue / emotional state
distortion
These errors may affect decision making and nurse–patient communication.
13. Types of Attention
Attention
is the concentration of mind on one object or activity.
Types:
- Voluntary Attention
Needs effort & will power (studying for exam) - Involuntary Attention
Attention is drawn automatically (sudden loud sound) - After-Voluntary Attention
Starts with effort, then becomes automatic as interest increases (hobbies) - Divided Attention
Attending more than one activity at a time (listening + writing in class)
Good
attention helps learning, memory & performance.
IV. Answer the following
Answer :
14. Define Personality (1 mark)
Personality is the total pattern of physical, mental, emotional and
social characteristics of an individual which makes him different from
others.
15. Characteristics of Personality (3 marks)
·
It is unique for every person
·
It is consistent and fairly stable
·
It is dynamic / changeable
(develops through life)
·
It is holistic – includes body,
mind, emotions
·
It is influenced by heredity and
environment
·
It determines behaviour and adjustment
(Write any 4 – enough for 3 marks)
16. Types of Personality (5 marks)
Different theories classify personality differently:
1) Hippocrates (Body humours type)
·
Sanguine – cheerful, active
·
Melancholic – sad, thoughtful
·
Choleric – aggressive, quick tempered
·
Phlegmatic – calm, passive
2) Sheldon (Body type theory)
·
Endomorph – round, social, friendly
·
Mesomorph – muscular, energetic
·
Ectomorph – thin, sensitive, introvert
3) Jung’s types
·
Introvert – shy, reserved, self-centered
·
Extrovert – sociable, outgoing, friendly
·
Ambivert – combined qualities of both
(Any theory is acceptable in exam)
17. Define Clinical Psychology (3 marks)
Clinical psychology is the branch of psychology which deals with diagnosis,
prevention and treatment of behaviour and emotional problems to
promote mental health.
18. Methods of Psychology (4 marks)
·
Observation method – studying
behaviour directly in natural / clinical setting
·
Experimental method – using
controlled conditions to find cause-effect
·
Case study method – detailed
study of single person over long period
·
Interview method – collecting
information by direct questioning
·
Questionnaire method – written
questions for mass data
·
Testing method – using
psychological tests (IQ test, personality test)
(Write any 4 – enough for 4 marks)
19. Define Motivation (2 marks)
Motivation is the inner driving force which stimulates,
directs and sustains human behaviour toward achieving a goal.
20. Types of Motives (6 marks)
A) Primary / Biological Motives
→ inborn, necessary for survival
·
hunger, thirst, sleep, sex, maternal instinct,
pain-avoidance
B) Secondary / Social Motives
→ learned through society
·
achievement motive
·
power / status motive
·
affiliation (friendship) motive
·
approval / recognition motive
C) Personal / Psychological Motives
→ guided by personal interest
·
curiosity
·
self-improvement
·
creativity
Motives help to energise behaviour and direct actions toward goals.
V. State the following statement is True / False
Answer :
- False
Community = a group of people living together in a particular area, sharing common interest & feeling of belonging — not just sharing shelter. - True
Nuclear family = husband + wife + their children. - False
Marriage outside one’s group is exogamy.
Consanguineous = marriage between blood relatives. - True
Sociology = scientific study of society & social behaviour.
VI. Write short notes for any THREE of the following
Answer :
25. Urban Society
Urban
society refers to people living in towns and cities, where population is
dense and occupations are mostly secondary & tertiary type (industries, business,
services).
Features:
- High literacy and modern
lifestyle
- Occupations are specialized
& skilled
- Social relationships are
more formal & secondary
- Fast life, stress,
competition is more
- Facilities like hospitals,
schools, transport and communication are well developed
Urban
society is modern, industrial and technology-oriented.
26. Importance of Sociology in Nursing
Sociology
helps the nurse to understand people, society and social behaviour.
Importance:
- Helps to understand community
culture, customs, beliefs which influence health
- Helps in health education
and patient communication
- Helps to deal with people of
different backgrounds
- Improves nurse–patient
relationship
- Helps in teamwork,
leadership & social responsibility
- Guides the nurse to identify
social causes of diseases (poverty, illiteracy, bad habits)
Thus,
sociology helps nurses to give holistic care in hospital and community.
27. Socialization
Socialization
is the process by which an individual learns culture, social norms,
values and behaviour of society.
Through socialization, a child becomes a social person.
Agents of
socialization:
- Family
- School
- Peer group
- Media
- Religion
Socialization
continues throughout life and helps in development of personality and social
adjustment.
28. Polygamy
Polygamy
is a type of marriage where one person marries more than one spouse at the
same time.
Types:
- Polygyny: one man marries more than
one woman
- Polyandry: one woman marries more than
one man
It is
mostly seen in some traditional & tribal societies. In modern legal
systems, polygamy is restricted or illegal in many countries.
VII. Answer the following
Answer :
29. Define
Society (3 marks)
Society
is a group of people living together in an organised way, sharing common
culture, values, relationships and social institutions.
It is a system of social interactions where people depend on each other for
needs, cooperation and survival.
Thus, society is a network of social relationships among individuals.
30. Explain
Social Groups (5 marks)
A social
group is a collection of two or more individuals who interact with one another,
share common interests, goals, values and have a feeling of unity and
belonging.
Characteristics:
- Two or more persons
- Common goals / interests
- Interaction &
communication
- Sense of belonging /
“we-feeling”
- Common rules & norms
Types of
Social Groups:
- Primary Group
- Close and face-to-face
relationship
- Example: family, close
friends
- Secondary Group
- Formal, impersonal and
goal-oriented
- Example: classroom,
hospital team
Importance:
Social groups shape behaviour, personality, attitudes and help individuals in
cooperation, support and social identity.
