1st Year ODISHA Behavioral Science- Psychology & Sociology 2025

ODISHA NURSES & MIDWIVES EXAMINATION BOARD
FIRST YEAR ANNUAL EXAMINATION IN GNM-2025

Paper-II

(Behavioural Science- Psychology & Sociology)

Duration: 3 Hours

Max.Marks:75

Answer all questions.

Figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks

I. Solve answer question

a. Define Psychology.

[4]

b. Write the nature and scope of psychology.

[6]

c. Discuss the importance of psychology for nurses.

[5]

OR

a. What do you mean by personality.

[3]

b. Discuss types of personality.

[4]

C. Describe characteristics of adoloscents.

[8]

Option 1: Psychology Questions

a. Define Psychology [4 Marks]

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
It explores how individuals think, feel, and act in different situations.
Psychology aims to understand mental processes, emotions, and behaviors.
It applies this understanding to improve well-being, health, and interpersonal relationships.

b. Nature and Scope of Psychology [6 Marks]

Nature of Psychology:

Scientific study – Uses observation, experimentation, and analysis.
Behavior and mental processes – Focuses on both observable actions and internal processes.
Dynamic discipline – Adapts to social, cultural, and technological changes.
Practical application – Helps in education, health, work, and mental well-being.

Scope of Psychology:

Clinical psychology – Treats mental health problems.
Health psychology – Promotes physical and mental health.
Educational psychology – Enhances learning and teaching methods.
Industrial psychology – Improves productivity and employee satisfaction.
Social psychology – Studies social behavior, attitudes, and interactions.
Developmental psychology – Examines changes across lifespan (childhood to old age).

c. Importance of Psychology for Nurses [5 Marks]

Understanding patients – Helps nurses understand patients’ thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Effective communication – Improves nurse-patient communication and therapeutic relationships.
Stress management – Helps nurses manage their own stress and patients’ stress.
Patient education – Guides patients in behavioral change for health promotion.
Enhances care quality – Psychological knowledge ensures compassionate, holistic nursing care.

Option 2: Personality & Adolescents

a. What do you mean by Personality [3 Marks]

Personality is the unique and stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of an individual.
It determines how a person reacts, adapts, and interacts with others.
Personality is influenced by genetics, environment, and experiences.

b. Types of Personality [4 Marks]

Introvert – Reserved, thoughtful, prefers solitude.
Extrovert – Outgoing, sociable, enjoys social interactions.
Ambivert – Balanced between introversion and extroversion.
Type A Personality – Competitive, high-strung, time-conscious.
Type B Personality – Relaxed, patient, less competitive.

c. Characteristics of Adolescents [8 Marks]

Physical changes – Rapid growth, puberty, sexual maturity.
Emotional instability – Mood swings, sensitivity, stress.
Cognitive development – Improved reasoning, problem-solving, and abstract thinking.
Identity formation – Searching for self-concept and personal values.
Social relationships – Strong influence of peers; need for acceptance.
Independence – Desire for autonomy from parents.
Risk-taking behavior – Experimentation with new experiences.
Self-consciousness – Concerned about appearance and social image.

II. Solve Answer Questions

a. Define Social group

[2]

b. Write briefly about various types of groups.

[7]

c. Briefly describe the organisation structure of a group.

[6]

OR

a. Define Culture.

[3]

b. Enlist the characteristics of Culture.

[7]

c. Explain the factors responsible for social change.

[5]

Option 1: Social Group

a. Define Social Group [2 Marks]

A social group is a collection of two or more people who interact, share common goals, and have a sense of belonging.
Members of a group influence each other’s behavior and attitudes.

b. Various Types of Groups [7 Marks]

Primary Group
- Small, close-knit, intimate relationships (e.g., family, close friends).
- Members share personal bonds and emotional support.
Secondary Group
- Larger, impersonal, goal-oriented (e.g., school class, workplace).
- Focus on achieving specific objectives rather than emotional closeness.
Formal Group
- Structured with defined roles, rules, and hierarchy (e.g., hospital staff, nursing team).
Informal Group
- No formal rules or structure; based on friendship or common interests.
Reference Group
- A group that influences an individual’s attitudes, values, or behavior (e.g., peer group).
In-group
- A group to which a person feels belonging and loyalty.
Out-group
- A group with which a person does not identify or may oppose.

c. Organisation Structure of a Group [6 Marks]

Group Leader/Head – Guides the group, makes decisions, and maintains order.
Members/Roles – Each member has specific duties and responsibilities.
Rules & Norms – Define acceptable behavior and conduct within the group.
Communication Channels – Flow of information among members (formal or informal).
Hierarchical Structure – Shows authority, reporting, and coordination.
Group Goals – Clear objectives that the group works together to achieve.

Option 2: Culture

a. Define Culture [3 Marks]

Culture is the way of life of a society, including beliefs, customs, traditions, values, norms, and behaviors.
It guides social conduct and interactions within a community.

b. Characteristics of Culture [7 Marks]

Learned Behavior – Acquired through socialization, not inherited.
Shared – Commonly held by members of a society.
Dynamic – Changes over time with society.
Symbolic – Uses language, gestures, and objects to represent ideas.
Integrated – Different aspects of culture (values, norms, customs) are connected.
Transmitted – Passed from one generation to another.
Guides Behavior – Provides rules for social conduct and interactions.

c. Factors Responsible for Social Change [5 Marks]

Technological Advancements – Inventions and innovations alter lifestyles.
Economic Factors – Changes in industry, employment, and wealth distribution.
Political Factors – Laws, policies, governance, and revolutions.
Cultural Factors – Interaction with other societies, migration, globalization.
Natural & Environmental Factors – Disasters, climate change, and population growth.

III. Write short notes on any three of the following.

[3 x 5= 15]

a. Attention

b. Marriage

c. Social agencies

d. Motivation

e. Rural and Urban problems

a. Attention [5 Marks]

Definition: Attention is the mental process of focusing on a particular stimulus or task while ignoring others.
Types:
1. Selective Attention – Focusing on one stimulus while ignoring distractions.
2. Divided Attention – Paying attention to multiple tasks simultaneously.
3. Sustained Attention – Maintaining focus over a period of time.
Importance in Nursing:
- Enhances patient care and observation.
- Helps concentration during procedures.

b. Marriage [5 Marks]

Definition: Marriage is a socially and legally recognized union between individuals, establishing rights, obligations, and family relationships.
Types:
1. Monogamy – One spouse at a time.
2. Polygamy – Multiple spouses (Polygyny: multiple wives; Polyandry: multiple husbands).
Functions of Marriage:
- Social stability and cohesion.
- Regulates sexual behavior.
- Ensures procreation and child-rearing.
Importance in Nursing:
- Understanding family dynamics helps in patient counseling and care planning.

c. Social Agencies [5 Marks]

Definition: Social agencies are organized institutions that provide support, guidance, and services to individuals or communities.
Examples: Schools, hospitals, orphanages, welfare organizations, NGOs.
Functions:
1. Support education, health, and welfare.
2. Assist in socialization and development.
3. Help in problem-solving and rehabilitation.
Importance in Nursing:
- Nurses can coordinate with social agencies for patient support and community health programs.

d. Motivation [5 Marks]

Definition: Motivation is the internal or external force that drives a person to achieve goals or fulfill needs.
Types:
1. Intrinsic Motivation – Driven by internal satisfaction.
2. Extrinsic Motivation – Driven by external rewards.
Importance in Nursing:
- Motivates patients to adhere to treatment.
- Encourages nurses to perform duties efficiently.

e. Rural and Urban Problems [5 Marks]

Rural Problems:
1. Poor healthcare and sanitation.
2. Lack of education and employment opportunities.
3. Poverty and malnutrition.
Urban Problems:
1. Overcrowding and housing issues.
2. Pollution (air, water, noise).
3. Increased stress and mental health issues.
Nursing Implications:
- Nurses need to plan community health programs and address local health needs.

IV. A. Write the responsibilities and role of a nurse in the following situations.

[2 x 5 = 10]

a. Personality development

b. Coping in conflict

c. Breaking of bad habits

d. Juvenile delinquency

e. Family with taboos.

Responsibilities and Role of a Nurse in Different Situations

a. Personality Development [5 Marks]

Encourage self-confidence and positive self-image.
Guide in communication skills and social behavior.
Motivate learning and skill development.
Provide emotional support and constructive feedback.
Promote healthy habits and self-discipline.

b. Coping in Conflict [5 Marks]

Listen actively to understand the source of conflict.
Teach problem-solving and decision-making skills.
Encourage calm and rational behavior.
Mediate disputes among patients or family members.
Promote stress management techniques like relaxation or counseling.

c. Breaking of Bad Habits [5 Marks]

Identify harmful behaviors (e.g., smoking, alcohol).
Provide education on health consequences.
Motivate and counsel patients for behavior change.
Support with alternative coping strategies.
Monitor progress and provide reinforcement for positive behavior.

d. Juvenile Delinquency [5 Marks]

Counsel adolescents on consequences of antisocial behavior.
Encourage participation in constructive activities (sports, education).
Provide guidance and emotional support.
Coordinate with social agencies for rehabilitation.
Promote social values and discipline in daily life.

e. Family with Taboos [5 Marks]

Respect cultural beliefs while providing care.
Educate sensitively about harmful practices or misconceptions.
Encourage open communication within the family.
Promote healthy practices without offending traditions.
Collaborate with community leaders or social agencies for awareness programs.

B. Fill in the blanks.

[1 x 10 = 10]

a. A false perception without an external stimulus is called _____

b. Delinquency is _____ in the society.

c. A strong feeling is known as ________.

d. Attention is the chief characteristics of the _______ mind.

e. Population explosion can be controlled by ________.

f. The ability to acquire knowledge and skill is called _________.

g. Psychosexual theory of personality development was given by ________ .

h. IQ level below 70 indicates _________ .

i. Science of wealth is ______ .

j. Hereditary and _______ individual. influence the behaviour of an

Answers :

a. A false perception without an external stimulus is called hallucination.

b. Delinquency is antisocial behavior in the society.

c. A strong feeling is known as emotion.

d. Attention is the chief characteristic of the conscious mind.

e. Population explosion can be controlled by family planning.

f. The ability to acquire knowledge and skill is called intelligence.

g. Psychosexual theory of personality development was given by Sigmund Freud.

h. IQ level below 70 indicates mental retardation (intellectual disability).

i. Science of wealth is economics.

j. Heredity and environment influence the behaviour of an individual.

V. A. Write the responsibilities and role of a nurse in the following situations

[1 x 5 = 5]

a BPL

b. STM

c. NIMHANS

d. EEG

e. IRDP

Responsibilities and Role of a Nurse :

a. BPL (Below Poverty Line) Families

Identify families eligible for government welfare schemes.
Provide health education on nutrition, hygiene, and preventive care.
Ensure immunization, maternal, and child health services.
Help families access social and financial support.
Monitor growth, health status, and follow-up care.

b. STM (Short-Term Memory Issues)

Assess memory loss and its impact on daily life.
Encourage memory exercises and cognitive activities.
Help organize daily routines and reminders.
Provide emotional support and counseling.
Collaborate with doctors and therapists for rehabilitation.

c. NIMHANS (National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences)

Assist in mental health assessments and patient care.
Provide counseling and support for psychiatric patients.
Monitor medication adherence and therapy progress.
Educate patients and families about mental health conditions.
Support research and community mental health programs.

d. EEG (Electroencephalogram)

Prepare patients for EEG tests (e.g., explain procedure, ensure comfort).
Ensure proper electrode placement and equipment functioning.
Observe and record patient responses during the test.
Maintain accurate documentation of results.
Educate patients on follow-up care if needed.

e. IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Programme)

Assist rural families in accessing development programs and resources.
Provide health education, nutrition, and hygiene awareness.
Encourage self-employment and skill development initiatives.
Monitor the health and welfare of rural communities.
Coordinate with government and social agencies for program implementation.

IV. B. Match the following

[0.5 x 10 = 5]

Column A	Column B
a. Drive	i. Motivation
b. Withdrawal	ii. Safety from social conflicts
c. Auguste Comte	iii. Gloomy
d. Social stratification	iv. Social problem
e. Family is named after father	v. Irritability
f. Dyspepsia	vi. Adjustment
g. Day dreaming	vii. Differential aptitude test
h. Poverty	viii. Father of sociology
i. Constipation	ix. Patronymic
J. DAT	x. Fantasybv

Column A → Column B

a. Drive → i. Motivation
b. Withdrawal → vi. Adjustment
c. Auguste Comte → viii. Father of sociology
d. Social stratification → iv. Social problem
e. Family is named after father → ix. Patronymic
f. Dyspepsia → v. Irritability
g. Day dreaming → x. Fantasy
h. Poverty → ii. Safety from social conflicts (alternatively could be social problem depending on context)
i. Constipation → iii. Gloomy
j. DAT → vii. Differential aptitude test

Search This Blog

Nursing Exam Pro