4th Year B.Sc. Nursing MANAGEMENT OF NURSING SERVICES AND EDUCATION Summer - 2022

Fourth Basic B.Sc. Nursing Examination, (Phase II) 

Summer - 2022

MANAGEMENT OF NURSING SERVICES AND EDUCATION

Duration: 3 Hours 

Max.Marks:75

Instructions:

1) Use black ball point pen only.

2) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of         act  will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.

3) All questions are compulsory.

4) The number to the right indicates full marks.

5) Draw diagrams wherever necessary. 

6) Distribution of syllabus in Question Paper is only meant to cover entire syllabus within the                     stipulated frame. The question paper pattern is a mere guideline. Questions can be asked from any         paper's syllabus into any question paper. Students cannot claim that the question is out of syllabus.         As it is only for the placement sake, the distribution has been done.

7) Use a common answer book for all sections.

Section - A 

I. Short answer question (Solve any five out of six)

[5x5=25]

a) PERT (Programme Evaluation Review Technique).

b) Discuss Nursing as profession.

c) Indian Nursing Council.

d) Quality Control.

e) Accreditation.

f) Effective Communication in Hospital

a) PERT (Programme Evaluation Review Technique)

• A project management tool developed in 1958 by the U.S. Navy.

• Used for planning, scheduling, and controlling complex projects.

• Emphasizes time over cost.

• Involves:

  1. Identifying tasks.

  2. Establishing sequence of activities.

  3. Drawing a network diagram.

  4. Estimating time (Optimistic, Pessimistic, Most likely).

  5. Identifying critical path.

• Helps in minimizing project delays and effective time management.

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b) Nursing as a Profession

• Nursing is a profession that provides health care through prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.

• Characteristics of profession:

  1. Specialized body of knowledge.

  2. Standardized education (diploma/degree).

  3. Code of ethics.

  4. Service orientation.

  5. Professional organizations (e.g., INC, TNAI).

• Nurses provide holistic care, leadership, teaching, and research.

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c) Indian Nursing Council (INC)

• Established in 1947, a statutory body under the INC Act.

• Functions:

  1. Prescribes standards of nursing education.

  2. Recognizes nursing qualifications in India & abroad.

  3. Maintains Indian Nurses Register.

  4. Regulates curricula for ANM, GNM, B.Sc., M.Sc. Nursing.

  5. Inspects nursing institutions for quality assurance.

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d) Quality Control

• A systematic process to ensure that health services meet required standards.

• In hospitals, it includes:

  1. Standard treatment protocols.

  2. Infection control practices.

  3. Supervision and monitoring.

  4. Audit and feedback system.

  5. Continuous staff training.

• Goal: Improve patient safety, satisfaction, and outcomes.

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e) Accreditation

• A formal recognition by an authorized body that a hospital/health institution meets specific standards.

• In India, NABH (National Accreditation Board for Hospitals) provides accreditation.

• Benefits:

  1. Improves quality of care.

  2. Enhances patient safety.

  3. Increases trust and reputation.

  4. Provides continuous monitoring and improvement.

• Encourages evidence-based practices.

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f) Effective Communication in Hospital

• Key for nurse-patient and inter-professional relationships.

• Elements: Sender, Message, Channel, Receiver, Feedback.

• Principles:

  1. Use of clear, simple language.

  2. Active listening.

  3. Empathy and respect.

  4. Non-verbal communication (eye contact, gestures).

  5. Timely feedback.

• Improves patient satisfaction, reduces errors, and strengthens teamwork.

II. Long Answer Questions (any one out of two)

[1x15=15]

a) Define staff development.

    Differentiate continue nursing education and in-service education in Nursing. Prepare an out line for     induction training Programme for newly joined batch of 30 Nurses.

b) Define Human Resource.

    List objectives of Human Resource department in Nursing.

    Discuss in details various patient care assignment methods in Nursing.

Great 👍 Here’s your exam-prep note for II. Long Answer Questions:

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II. Long Answer Questions (Any one out of two)

[1 × 15 = 15]

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a) Staff Development

Definition:

• Staff development is the process of improving the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of nursing personnel to ensure effective and efficient nursing care.

• It includes orientation, in-service education, continuing nursing education, and professional development.

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Difference between Continuing Nursing Education (CNE) and In-Service Education

Aspect	Continuing Nursing Education (CNE)	In-Service Education
Definition	Formal, planned educational programs beyond basic nursing qualification.	Training provided within the hospital for employees while working.
Purpose	To update knowledge and skills, promote lifelong learning.	To improve job performance and efficiency in current workplace.
Scope	Broader – conferences, workshops, degree courses.	Narrower – specific to institutional needs.
Time	Periodic, long-term.	Short-term, during duty hours.
Example	Attending a workshop on critical care nursing.	Training session on new infusion pumps in the hospital.

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Outline of Induction Training Programme for 30 Newly Joined Nurses

Day 1: General Orientation

1. Welcome and introduction.

2. Hospital policies, rules & regulations.

3. Tour of hospital departments.

4. Vision, mission, values of the institution.

Day 2: Nursing Department Orientation

1. Philosophy and objectives of nursing services.

2. Roles & responsibilities of staff nurses.

3. Ward routines & reporting system.

Day 3: Administrative Orientation

1. Duty roster, leave policy, salary details.

2. Infection control policies.

3. Fire safety, disaster management training.

Day 4: Clinical Skills Orientation

1. Introduction to equipment and supplies.

2. Demonstration of basic procedures.

3. Documentation and record-keeping.

Day 5: Evaluation & Feedback

1. Quiz/assessment.

2. Clarification of doubts.

3. Feedback from new nurses.

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b) Human Resource in Nursing

Definition:

• Human Resource (HR) refers to the department and process of managing healthcare staff effectively to meet organizational goals while ensuring employee satisfaction and growth.

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Objectives of HR Department in Nursing

1. Recruitment and selection of qualified nurses.

2. Orientation and placement.

3. Staff welfare and motivation.

4. Training and development programs.

5. Performance appraisal.

6. Maintaining proper nurse-patient ratio.

7. Retention and promotion of skilled staff.

8. Conflict resolution and grievance handling.

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Various Patient Care Assignment Methods in Nursing

1. Functional Method

   • Work divided by tasks (e.g., one nurse gives medicines, another does vital signs).

   • Advantages: efficient use of time, good for large hospitals.

   • Disadvantages: fragmented care, lack of holistic approach.

2. Patient/Case Method

   • One nurse assigned to one patient for all care during a shift.

   • Advantages: holistic care, accountability.

   • Disadvantages: heavy workload if patient is critical.

3. Team Nursing

   • A team of nurses led by a leader provides care to a group of patients.

   • Advantages: shared responsibility, coordinated care.

   • Disadvantages: requires good communication, risk of role confusion.

4. Primary Nursing

   • One nurse takes full responsibility for a patient’s care from admission to discharge.

   • Advantages: continuity of care, strong nurse-patient bond.

   • Disadvantages: costly, requires highly skilled nurses.

5. Progressive Patient Care

   • Patients are grouped according to severity of illness (e.g., ICU, step-down unit, general ward).

   • Advantages: efficient use of resources, specialized care.

   • Disadvantages: frequent transfers may cause stress to patient.

Section - B 

III. Short Answer Questions (any four out of five)

[4 x 5= 20]

a) Importance of Budgeting.

b) Henry Fayol's principles of management.

c) Motivation.

d) Functions of curriculum.

e) Nursing Audit.

a) Importance of Budgeting

1. Ensures effective utilization of financial resources.

2. Helps in planning and controlling hospital expenditure.

3. Avoids wastage and misuse of funds.

4. Provides guidelines for procurement of equipment, drugs, and supplies.

5. Acts as a tool for evaluating performance and achieving organizational goals.

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b) Henry Fayol’s Principles of Management (Any five can be written)

1. Division of work – specialization increases efficiency.

2. Authority and responsibility – must go together.

3. Discipline – respect for rules and agreements.

4. Unity of command – one boss for one employee.

5. Unity of direction – one plan for one group of activities.

6. Subordination of individual interest to organizational interest.

7. Remuneration – fair payment.

8. Scalar chain – hierarchy of authority.

9. Esprit de corps – team spirit.

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c) Motivation

1. Internal driving force that stimulates individuals to achieve goals.

2. Can be intrinsic (self-satisfaction, professional growth) or extrinsic (salary, promotion).

3. Improves efficiency and quality of nursing care.

4. Reduces absenteeism and staff turnover.

5. Enhances teamwork and job satisfaction.

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d) Functions of Curriculum

1. Provides a structured plan for teaching and learning.

2. Guides teachers in content delivery and teaching strategies.

3. Ensures achievement of educational objectives.

4. Facilitates evaluation of student performance.

5. Prepares students with knowledge, skills, and attitudes required in nursing practice.

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e) Nursing Audit

1. A systematic and critical examination of nursing care provided.

2. Measures quality of nursing care against standards.

3. Identifies strengths and weaknesses in patient care.

4. Provides basis for staff training and performance improvement.

5. Enhances accountability and patient satisfaction.

IV.    Long Answer Questions (any one out of two)

[1x5=15]

a) Define Material Management.

    Advantages & Scope of Material Management.

    Discuss process of Material Management in a patient care unit.

b) Define performance appraisal.

    List various tools are use for performance appraisal.

    Prepare, Rating scale for best bed side clinical Nurse award.

a) Material Management

Definition:
Material Management is the process of planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from procurement to utilization, ensuring the right quality and quantity are available at the right time and cost for effective patient care.

Advantages:

1. Ensures continuous supply of drugs, equipment, and consumables.

2. Avoids shortage and wastage of materials.

3. Reduces hospital expenditure through proper budgeting and control.

4. Improves efficiency of nursing and hospital services.

5. Enhances quality of patient care by timely availability of resources.

Scope of Material Management:

1. Procurement of medicines, instruments, and supplies.

2. Storage and inventory control.

3. Distribution to patient care units.

4. Standardization of equipment and supplies.

5. Cost reduction and efficient resource utilization.

Process of Material Management in a Patient Care Unit:

1. Planning – Estimating requirements of drugs, linen, equipment, disposables.

2. Procurement – Purchase through hospital store or central supply.

3. Receiving & Inspection – Checking quality, quantity, and expiry date.

4. Storage – Safe, accessible, and hygienic storage conditions.

5. Distribution & Issue – Timely supply to wards and units as per demand.

6. Inventory Control – Regular stock checking, use of stock registers/ computerized system.

7. Utilization – Rational and economical use of materials.

8. Audit & Evaluation – Assessing efficiency, wastage, and need for improvement.

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b) Performance Appraisal

Definition:
Performance appraisal is the systematic evaluation of an employee’s job performance in relation to the objectives of the organization.

Tools for Performance Appraisal:

1. Rating scale.

2. Checklist.

3. Critical incident method.

4. Peer review.

5. Self-appraisal.

6. Confidential reports.

7. Objective-based appraisal (MBO – Management by Objectives).

Sample Rating Scale for “Best Bedside Clinical Nurse Award”:

Criteria Excellent (5) Very Good (4) Good (3) Fair (2) Poor (1) Clinical skills & competence ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ Patient-centered care & empathy ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ Communication with patients/family ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ Teamwork & cooperation ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ Documentation & record-keeping ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ Punctuality & responsibility ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ Professional attitude & ethics ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜ ⬜

Scoring:

• 30–35 = Excellent Nurse (Best Bedside Clinical Nurse Award)

• 25–29 = Very Good

• 20–24 = Good

• <20 = Needs Improvement