4th Year Basic B.Sc. Nursing MANAGEMENT OF NURSING SERVICES AND EDUCATION Winter - 2022
Fourth Basic B.Sc. Nursing (Old) Examination,
Winter - 2022
MANAGEMENT OF NURSING SERVICES AND EDUCATION
Section - A
I. Short answer question (Solve any five out of six)
a) Continuing Education in Nursing – Present and Future
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Present:
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Conducted through workshops, seminars, conferences, refresher courses.
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Online courses, CME (Continuing Medical Education).
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Focus on updating clinical skills, new technology, evidence-based practice.
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-
Future:
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Integration of digital platforms, e-learning, simulation labs.
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More emphasis on research, leadership, and management training.
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Lifelong learning mandatory for license renewal.
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International collaboration in nursing education.
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b) Legal Responsibilities of a Professional Nurse
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Maintain confidentiality of patient information.
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Obtain informed consent before procedures.
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Provide safe and competent care according to professional standards.
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Maintain accurate documentation and health records.
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Report abuse, negligence, and communicable diseases as per law.
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Adhere to Nursing Council regulations and hospital policies.
c) Accreditation
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Process of recognition by an authorized body (e.g., INC, NABH, NAAC).
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Ensures nursing institutions and hospitals maintain quality standards.
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Provides credibility and improves patient confidence.
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Encourages continuous improvement in nursing practice and education.
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Benefits: quality assurance, accountability, better patient care, and professional recognition.
d) Recruitment Process of Various Nursing Cadres in Educational Institute (Schematic Diagram)
Steps:
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Manpower planning →
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Advertisement of vacancy →
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Application & screening →
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Written test / Interview →
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Selection committee decision →
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Appointment order →
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Induction & orientation
Cadres Recruited:
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Nursing Superintendent
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Vice Principal / Principal
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Tutors / Clinical Instructors
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Staff Nurses
(You can draw this in flowchart form in the exam.)
e) Performance Appraisal
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Systematic evaluation of nurse’s performance and competencies.
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Purpose: feedback, promotion, motivation, identify training needs.
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Tools used: rating scales, checklists, peer review, self-appraisal, 360° feedback.
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Benefits: improves quality of patient care, encourages accountability, helps in career planning.
f) Plan of In-Service Education for Staff Nurses in ICU
Objective: To update ICU nurses on advanced skills and critical care management.
Duration: 1 week (2 hours per day).
Plan:
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Day 1: Orientation to ICU policies, infection control.
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Day 2: Advanced life support (BLS/ACLS).
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Day 3: Ventilator management & oxygen therapy.
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Day 4: Critical drug administration, IV therapy.
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Day 5: Patient monitoring, handling emergencies (shock, arrest).
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Day 6: Communication with patient & relatives, legal aspects.
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Day 7: Evaluation, feedback, and certification.
II. Long Answer Questions (any one out of two)
a) Hospital & Health Care
i) Define Hospital
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A hospital is a health care institution that provides diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative services to the sick and injured.
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WHO definition: “Hospital is an integral part of a social and medical organization, the function of which is to provide complete health care both curative and preventive, to its community.”
ii) Control and Line of Authority in Hospital
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Line of Authority:
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Hierarchical structure from top management → middle management → lower management → staff.
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Example: Hospital Governing Body → Medical Superintendent → Nursing Superintendent → Ward Sister → Staff Nurse → Nursing Aide.
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Control Mechanisms:
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Policies and procedures.
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Standard operating protocols.
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Regular supervision and audits.
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Reporting system (upward and downward communication).
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Performance appraisal and corrective actions.
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iii) Role of Hospital in Comprehensive Health Care
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Curative role – diagnosis, treatment, surgeries, rehabilitation.
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Preventive role – immunization, screening, health education.
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Promotive role – lifestyle guidance, maternal & child health, nutrition counseling.
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Training & Education – clinical teaching for doctors, nurses, paramedics.
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Research – medical and nursing research, innovation in patient care.
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Community outreach – camps, mobile health services.
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Emergency & disaster management – trauma, epidemics, natural calamities.
b) Management & Nurse Manager
i) Define Management
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Definition: Management is the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling human, material, and financial resources to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently.
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Nursing Management: Application of management principles in nursing service and education.
ii) Qualities of a Nurse Manager
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Professional competence – clinical knowledge, decision-making.
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Leadership ability – motivating staff, inspiring confidence.
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Communication skills – clear instructions, active listening.
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Emotional intelligence – patience, empathy, conflict resolution.
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Administrative ability – budgeting, staffing, time management.
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Ethical & legal awareness – maintain standards, follow codes.
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Innovative & problem-solving – adapting to new technologies and methods.
iii) Functions of Management
(Five Basic Functions – POSDC)
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Planning – setting goals, policies, and procedures.
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Organizing – arranging resources, delegation of authority.
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Staffing – recruitment, training, placement, appraisal.
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Directing/Leading – guiding, supervising, motivating staff.
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Controlling – monitoring performance, evaluation, corrective actions.
Other functions: Coordinating, reporting, budgeting, decision-making, and maintaining quality assurance.
Section - B
III. Short Answer Questions (any four out of five)
a) Vision, Mission & Objectives of College of Nursing
Vision:
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To be a center of excellence in nursing education, practice, research, and leadership to provide quality health care to society.
Mission:
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To prepare competent, compassionate, and ethical nurses.
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To promote evidence-based practice and research.
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To develop leadership qualities and global competencies.
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To collaborate with health institutions for holistic health care.
Objectives:
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Impart quality nursing education at UG, PG, and doctoral levels.
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Promote community health services and outreach programs.
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Develop professional skills, ethics, and critical thinking.
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Encourage research and innovation in nursing practice.
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Prepare nurses for leadership and administrative roles.
b) Collective Bargaining
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Definition: Negotiation process between employers and employees (through unions) to determine working conditions, salaries, and benefits.
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Steps:
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Preparation – study of issues.
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Negotiation – discussion between union & management.
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Agreement – mutual settlement of terms.
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Implementation – putting agreement into action.
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Advantages:
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Improves working conditions.
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Reduces conflicts.
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Ensures fair wages.
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Promotes teamwork & industrial peace.
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c) Format – Students & Alumni Feedback (Nursing College)
Sample Format:
College of Nursing – Feedback Form
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Name: ____________________________
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Year of Passing: ___________ Course: __________
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Current Occupation: _________________________
Feedback Areas:
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Quality of teaching: ☐ Excellent ☐ Good ☐ Average ☐ Poor
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Clinical training facilities: ☐ Excellent ☐ Good ☐ Average ☐ Poor
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Infrastructure & library: ☐ Excellent ☐ Good ☐ Average ☐ Poor
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Support services (hostel, lab, admin): ☐ Excellent ☐ Good ☐ Average ☐ Poor
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Suggestions for improvement: __________________________
Signature: ___________ Date: ___________
d) Weekly Duty Roster – 10 Staff Nurses for 10 Bed Casualty Unit
Format Example (1 week):
|
Nurse Name |
Mon |
Tue |
Wed |
Thu |
Fri |
Sat |
Sun |
|
Nurse
1 |
D |
D |
O |
N |
N |
O |
E |
|
Nurse
2 |
E |
E |
D |
D |
O |
N |
N |
|
Nurse
3 |
N |
N |
E |
E |
D |
O |
D |
|
Nurse
4 |
O |
D |
N |
N |
E |
E |
O |
|
Nurse
5 |
D |
O |
D |
E |
E |
N |
N |
|
Nurse
6 |
E |
N |
O |
D |
D |
E |
O |
|
Nurse
7 |
N |
E |
E |
O |
N |
D |
D |
|
Nurse
8 |
D |
D |
N |
E |
O |
N |
E |
|
Nurse
9 |
E |
O |
D |
N |
E |
D |
O |
|
Nurse
10 |
N |
E |
O |
D |
N |
E |
D |
Legend: D = Day (8 am–2 pm), E = Evening (2 pm–8 pm), N = Night (8 pm–8 am), O = Off
e) Theory of Motivation
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Definition: Motivation is the internal drive that stimulates individuals to perform and achieve goals.
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Important Theories:
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Maslow’s Need Hierarchy: Physiological → Safety → Social → Esteem → Self-actualization.
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Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory:
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Hygiene factors (salary, job security, working conditions).
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Motivators (recognition, responsibility, achievement).
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McGregor’s Theory X & Y:
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Theory X – workers avoid responsibility, need control.
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Theory Y – workers are self-motivated, seek responsibility.
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IV. Long Answer Questions (any one out of two)
a) Budget
i) Definition of Budget:
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A budget is a financial plan that estimates income and expenditure for a specific period of time.
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It serves as a tool for planning, coordinating, and controlling the use of resources.
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In nursing education, it ensures optimum utilization of funds for running a College of Nursing.
ii) Importance of Budget:
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Ensures proper allocation of financial resources.
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Provides guidelines for expenditure and income.
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Helps in avoiding unnecessary expenses.
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Promotes accountability and transparency.
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Ensures smooth functioning of nursing programs (teaching, research, clinical training).
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Acts as a tool for financial control and evaluation.
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Supports achievement of institutional goals (education, training, research).
iii) Steps in Planning of Budget for College of Nursing:
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Assessment of Needs – Analyze requirements of staff, students, equipment, infrastructure, and programs.
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Set Objectives – Decide what the budget should achieve (e.g., hiring teachers, buying equipment, conducting seminars).
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Estimate Income Sources – Government grants, student fees, donations, projects, etc.
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Estimate Expenditures – Salaries, infrastructure, teaching aids, clinical facilities, library, hostel, transport.
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Prioritization – Allocate more funds to essential areas (teaching, clinical training).
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Preparation of Budget Draft – Prepare departmental/unit-wise budget plan.
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Approval – Submit to higher authorities (Principal, Management, Government).
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Implementation – Distribute funds to different departments.
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Monitoring & Control – Regular review to check overspending or underutilization.
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Evaluation & Revision – Make adjustments for future budgeting.
b) Curriculum
i) Definition of Curriculum:
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Curriculum is the planned educational experiences provided by an institution to achieve desired learning outcomes.
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In nursing, it includes theory, clinical practice, values, attitudes, and skills required for professional growth.
ii) Functions of Curriculum:
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Provides structured learning experiences.
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Guides teachers in planning, teaching, and evaluation.
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Ensures uniformity and standardization in nursing education.
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Prepares nurses to meet professional, social, and health needs of the community.
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Encourages holistic development – cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains.
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Provides scope for innovation and research.
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Ensures balance between theoretical knowledge and practical skills.
iii) Factors Influencing Development of Curriculum:
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Philosophy of Education – Institutional goals, vision, mission.
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Societal Needs – Health priorities, cultural values, economic conditions.
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Health Needs of the Country – National health policy, programs (NRHM, RCH, etc.).
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Professional Requirements – Indian Nursing Council guidelines, competency standards.
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Advancement of Knowledge & Technology – Use of simulation, e-learning, telemedicine.
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Learner Characteristics – Age, background, abilities, motivation.
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Teacher Factors – Competence, availability of faculty.
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Resources – Availability of financial, infrastructural, and clinical resources.
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Globalization – International nursing standards, exchange programs.
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Evaluation & Feedback – From students, alumni, employers, community.