1st Year Community Nursing - I Summer 2018

EXAMINATION IN GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY FIRST YEAR COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
(Paper - IV) Summer 2018
(Including Community Nursing - I, Environmental Hygiene, Health Education and Communication Skills, Nutrition)

Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 75

Instructions:

1) The candidate must write her/his Seat Number in ENGLISH.

2) Please note that the question paper-set in ENGLISH version is final for any doubt in MARATHI paper

1. (A) Select the most appropriate words from the following and complete the statement:

Marks: 5

(i) The population for the Primary Health Centre for the plain area is

(a) 50,000

(b) 30,000

(c) 20,000

(d) 25,000

(ii) Deficiency of protein in diet causes

(a) Malnutrition

(b) Rickets

(c) Beri-Beri

(d) Deafness

(iii) The International Yoga Day is celebrated every year on

(a) 7th April

(b) 12th May

(c) 21st June

(d) 2nd October

(iv) BCG Vaccine is given as prevention against Diseases.

(a) Measles

(b) Polio

(c) Hepatitis

(d) Tuberculosis

(v) The disease caused by Anopheles type of mosquito is

(a) Malaria

(b) Yellow fever

(c) Dengue

(d) Chikungunya fever

Answers:

1. (i) The population for the Primary Health Centre for the plain area is
   👉 (c) 20,000

2. (ii) Deficiency of protein in diet causes
   👉 (a) Malnutrition

3. (iii) The International Yoga Day is celebrated every year on
   👉 (c) 21st June

4. (iv) BCG Vaccine is given as prevention against
   👉 (d) Tuberculosis

5. (v) The disease caused by Anopheles type of mosquito is
   👉 (a) Malaria

(B) Match the following:

Marks: 5

A'Section	B'Section
(i) Amla	(a) HIV AIDS
(ii) Home Visit	(b) Deep Well
(iii) Ground Water	(c) Backbone of MCH
(iv) Blackboard	(d) Vitamin "C"
(v) Rice	(e) Carbohydrates

A Section	B Section
(i) Amla	(d) Vitamin "C"
(ii) Home Visit	(c) Backbone of MCH
(iii) Ground Water	(b) Deep Well
(iv) Blackboard	(a) HIV AIDS (used in IEC)
(v) Rice	(e) Carbohydrates

(C) State True or False.

Marks: 5

(i) The WHO day is celebrated every year on 14th November.

(ii) 1 gram fat gives '4' Calories.

(iii) Infection is one of the Hazards of Biomedical waste.

(iv) Home visit is an important activity of community health services.

(v) Prevention is better than cure.

Answers:

1. (i) The WHO day is celebrated every year on 14th November.
   👉 False (It is celebrated on 7th April)

2. (ii) 1 gram fat gives '4' Calories.
   👉 False (1 gram of fat gives 9 Calories)

3. (iii) Infection is one of the Hazards of Biomedical waste.
   👉 True

4. (iv) Home visit is an important activity of community health services.
   👉 True

5. (v) Prevention is better than cure.
   👉 True

2. Write short notes (any three).

Marks: 15

(a) Levels of prevention of disease.

(b) Classification of food.

(c) Importance of records and reports.

(d) Determinants of Health.

Answers:

(a) Levels of Prevention of Disease:

1. Primordial Prevention – Preventing risk factors from developing.
2. Primary Prevention – Health promotion & specific protection (e.g., immunization).
3. Secondary Prevention – Early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
4. Tertiary Prevention – Rehabilitation to reduce complications.

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(b) Classification of Food:

1. By function – Energy giving (carbs/fats), body building (proteins), protective (vitamins).
2. By origin – Animal-based, plant-based.
3. By nutrients – Protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, water.

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(c) Importance of Records and Reports:

1. Helps in continuity of care.
2. Provides legal evidence.
3. Useful for evaluation and research.
4. Assists in planning and supervision.
5. Communication between healthcare team.

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(d) Determinants of Health:

1. Genetics
2. Environment – Physical, biological, social.
3. Lifestyle and behavior
4. Health services access
5. Socioeconomic factors – Income, education.

3. A) Define the following (any five).

Marks: 5

(i) Referral System.

(ii) Communication.

(iii) Health Education.

(iv) Counselling.

(v) Sewage.

(vi) Cold Chain.

Answers:

1. Referral System – A process where patients are sent from a lower-level facility to a higher-level for specialized care.

   Referral System – A process where patients are sent from a lower-level facility to a higher-level for specialized care.

2. Communication – Exchange of information between two or more people to achieve understanding.

   Communication – Exchange of information between two or more people to achieve understanding.

3. Health Education – Educating people about health to promote wellness and prevent diseases.

   Health Education – Educating people about health to promote wellness and prevent diseases.

4. Counselling – Professional guidance to help individuals solve personal or psychological problems.

   Counselling – Professional guidance to help individuals solve personal or psychological problems.

5. Sewage – Wastewater from households and industries that needs proper disposal.

   Sewage – Wastewater from households and industries that needs proper disposal.

6. Cold Chain – A temperature-controlled supply chain to store and transport vaccines safely.

   Cold Chain – A temperature-controlled supply chain to store and transport vaccines safely.

3. B) State the difference between (any two).

Marks: 10

(a) Institutional nursing and Community nursing.

(b) Propaganda and Health Education.

(c) Shallow well and Deep well.

(a) Institutional Nursing vs Community Nursing:

Institutional Nursing	Community Nursing
Hospital-based	Community/home-based
Curative focus	Preventive & promotive focus
Individual care	Group/family care

Institutional Nursing vs Community Nursing: Institutional Nursing: Hospital-based, Curative focus, Individual care. Community Nursing: Community/home-based, Preventive and promotive focus, Group/family care.

(b) Propaganda vs Health Education:

Propaganda	Health Education
One-sided communication	Two-way communication
May be biased	Based on scientific facts
Emotionally persuasive	Rational and interactive

Propaganda vs Health Education: Propaganda: One-sided communication, May be biased, Emotionally persuasive. Health Education: Two-way communication, Based on scientific facts, Rational and interactive.

(c) Shallow Well vs Deep Well:

Shallow Well	Deep Well
Less than 50 feet deep	More than 50 feet deep
Higher chance of contamination	Safer from pollution
Uses surface water sources	Uses deep groundwater sources

Shallow Well vs Deep Well: Shallow Well: Less than 50 feet deep, Higher chance of contamination, Uses surface water sources. Deep Well: More than 50 feet deep, Safer from pollution, Uses deep groundwater sources.

4. Answer the following questions.

(a) Define Primary Health Care and its principles. (2+3)

(b) List the elements of Primary Health Care. (5)

(c) Write briefly about nursing responsibilities in Primary Health Care. (5)

OR

(a) Describe the sources of water. (5)

(b) What is the importance and requirement of water? (5)

(c) Describe water purification on a small scale. (5)

Answer:

(a) Define Primary Health Care and its Principles (2+3)

• Definition: Essential health care made universally accessible at an affordable cost using acceptable technology.
• Principles:
  1. Equitable distribution
  2. Community participation
  3. Intersectoral coordination
  4. Appropriate technology
  5. Preventive and promotive care

Definition: Essential health care made universally accessible at an affordable cost using acceptable technology. Principles: Equitable distribution, Community participation, Intersectoral coordination, Appropriate technology, Preventive and promotive care.

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(b) List Elements of Primary Health Care (5)

1. Health education
2. Promotion of nutrition
3. Safe water and sanitation
4. Maternal and child health
5. Immunization
6. Disease prevention and control
7. Treatment of common ailments
8. Provision of essential drugs

Elements of Primary Health Care: Health education, Promotion of nutrition, Safe water and sanitation, Maternal and child health, Immunization, Disease prevention and control, Treatment of common ailments, Provision of essential drugs.

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(c) Nursing Responsibilities in Primary Health Care (5)

1. Health education and awareness
2. Immunization support
3. Maternal and child care
4. Early detection and treatment
5. Maintaining records and referrals

Nursing Responsibilities in Primary Health Care: Health education and awareness, Immunization support, Maternal and child care, Early detection and treatment, Maintaining records and referrals.

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OR

(a) Sources of Water (5)

1. Rainwater
2. Surface water (rivers, lakes)
3. Groundwater (wells, borewells)
4. Municipal supply
5. Springs

Sources of Water: Rainwater, Surface water (rivers, lakes), Groundwater (wells, borewells), Municipal supply, Springs.

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(b) Importance & Requirement of Water (5)

• Importance:
  1. Essential for life
  2. Maintains body functions
  3. Used in hygiene and sanitation
• Requirement:
  1. 2–3 liters/day/person for drinking
  2. 50–70 liters/day/person total usage

Importance: Essential for life, Maintains body functions, Used in hygiene and sanitation. Requirement: 2–3 liters/day/person for drinking, 50–70 liters/day/person total usage.

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(c) Water Purification on Small Scale (5)

1. Boiling – Kills pathogens
2. Filtration – Removes particles
3. Chlorination – Disinfection
4. Solar disinfection (SODIS)
5. Use of alum – Settling impurities

Water Purification on Small Scale: Boiling – Kills pathogens, Filtration – Removes particles, Chlorination – Disinfection, Solar disinfection (SODIS), Use of alum – Settling impurities.

5. Answer the following questions.

(a) Define Health and write characteristics of Healthy Individuals. (2+3)

(b) Write latest National Immunisation Schedule. (5)

(c) Write the causes of population explosion. (5)

OR

(a) Define communication. (2)

(b) Write in brief about communication process. (5)

(c) Explain types of communication. (5)

(d) List barriers of communication. (3)

Answer:

(a) Define Health and Characteristics of Healthy Individual (2+3)

• Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
• Characteristics:
  1. Energetic and active
  2. Good appetite and sleep
  3. Positive mindset
  4. Social adaptability
  5. Absence of illness

Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Characteristics: Energetic and active, Good appetite and sleep, Positive mindset, Social adaptability, Absence of illness.

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(b) National Immunisation Schedule (as of 2024) (5)

Vaccine	When Given
BCG, OPV-0, Hep-B0	At birth
Pentavalent 1, OPV-1, Rotavirus, IPV	6 weeks
Pentavalent 2, OPV-2, Rotavirus	10 weeks
Pentavalent 3, OPV-3, Rotavirus, IPV-2	14 weeks
Measles-Rubella (MR-1)	9 months
MR-2, DPT booster	16–24 months
JE-1 & JE-2 (in endemic areas)	9–24 months
DPT booster-2	5–6 years
TT (10 & 16 years)	Adolescents

National Immunisation Schedule (as of 2024): BCG, OPV-0, Hep-B0 at birth; Pentavalent 1, OPV-1, Rotavirus, IPV at 6 weeks; Pentavalent 2, OPV-2, Rotavirus at 10 weeks; Pentavalent 3, OPV-3, Rotavirus, IPV-2 at 14 weeks; Measles-Rubella (MR-1) at 9 months; MR-2, DPT booster at 16–24 months; JE-1 and JE-2 (in endemic areas) at 9–24 months; DPT booster-2 at 5–6 years; TT at 10 and 16 years for adolescents.

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(c) Causes of Population Explosion (5)

1. High birth rate
2. Decline in death rate
3. Early marriage
4. Illiteracy
5. Lack of family planning

Causes of Population Explosion: High birth rate, Decline in death rate, Early marriage, Illiteracy, Lack of family planning.

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OR

(a) Define Communication (2)

• Exchange of information, thoughts, or messages through speech, signals, or writing.

Communication: Exchange of information, thoughts, or messages through speech, signals, or writing.

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(b) Communication Process (5)

1. Sender – Creates the message
2. Message – Information to be communicated
3. Channel – Medium of communication (verbal, non-verbal)
4. Receiver – Who interprets the message
5. Feedback – Response from receiver

Communication Process: Sender – Creates the message, Message – Information to be communicated, Channel – Medium of communication (verbal, non-verbal), Receiver – Who interprets the message, Feedback – Response from receiver.

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(c) Types of Communication (5)

1. Verbal – Oral or written
2. Non-verbal – Gestures, posture
3. Formal – Official way
4. Informal – Casual talk
5. Visual – Charts, posters

Types of Communication: Verbal – Oral or written, Non-verbal – Gestures, posture, Formal – Official way, Informal – Casual talk, Visual – Charts, posters.

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(d) Barriers of Communication (3)

1. Language differences
2. Cultural barriers
3. Poor listening
4. Noise
5. Lack of attention

Barriers of Communication: Language differences, Cultural barriers, Poor listening, Noise, Lack of attention.

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