1st YEAR GNM KARNATAKA COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING-I FEBRUARY 2025
KARNATAKA
STATE DIPLOMA IN NURSING EXAMINATION BOARD
GNM
THEORY EXAMINATION – FEBRUARY 2025
1st
YEAR PAPER – IV -COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING-I
I. Give the meaning of the following
Answer :
1.
Weaning
→ Weaning is the process of gradually introducing semi-solid / solid foods
to a baby while reducing breast-feeding.
2.
Endemic
→ Endemic means a disease which constantly remains present in a particular
geographical area or community.
3.
Mortality
→ Mortality means the rate or frequency of deaths in a population.
4.
Incubation Period
→ Incubation period is the time interval between entry of infection into the
body and the appearance of first signs / symptoms.
II. Fill in the blanks
Answer :
5. Vitamin
K is a fat soluble vitamin.
6. Under
five clinic is also called as Well-Baby Clinic
(also accepted: Under-five clinic = Under-five health service / Well child
clinic)
7. World
Health Day is celebrated on 7th April.
8. Television
is a mass communication.
III. Write short notes for any FOUR of the following
Answer :
9. Purpose and uses of Records
• Records
are written documents of patient / community health data.
• They help in continuity of care, future reference, and follow up.
• Useful for communication between health workers and health team members.
• They provide data for planning, evaluation, research, statistics and legal
evidence.
• Records help in identifying health problems and assessing health programmes.
10. Methods of cooking
• Boiling
– food is cooked in water at 100°C (rice / vegetables).
• Steaming – food is cooked by steam (idli / dhokla) – nutrients more
preserved.
• Roasting / Grilling – food cooked by dry heat (papad, chapati).
• Frying – food cooked in oil (deep / shallow frying).
• Baking – cooking by dry hot air in oven (bread, cake).
• Stewing – slow cooking in minimum water.
11. Food adulteration
•
Addition, removal or substitution of any substance in food which makes it
impure, harmful or inferior.
• Examples: adding water in milk, mixing stones in pulses, artificial colours
in sweets.
• Causes: greed for profit, lack of awareness, poor enforcement.
• Effects: food poisoning, long term diseases (cancer from chemicals),
nutritional deficiency.
• Prevention: public awareness, proper labeling, quality checks, Government
laws e.g. PFA / FSSAI.
12. Types of Communication
• Verbal
communication – spoken or written words.
• Non-verbal communication – body language, facial expression, gestures,
eye contact.
• Formal communication – official / professional communication (hospital
report, meeting).
• Informal communication – casual talk among friends / colleagues.
• Mass communication – through media (TV, radio, newspaper).
• Interpersonal communication – between two persons (nurse and patient).
13. Role of Nurse in Counseling
•
Establish rapport and maintain privacy and confidentiality.
• Help client express feelings, fears, doubts and provide emotional support.
• Give correct scientific information and clarify misconceptions.
• Assist patient to identify problems and choose appropriate solution.
• Encourage positive behaviour – healthy lifestyle, treatment compliance.
• Provide follow-up guidance, referral, and evaluate progress.
IV. Answer the following
Answer :
14.
What is Community Health Nursing? (1 mark)
Community Health Nursing is a specialty of nursing which combines nursing
science and public health to promote, protect, maintain and restore the health
of individuals, families and community.
15.
Explain the qualities and functions of Community Health Nurse (3 + 5 = 8 marks
style)
Qualities of Community Health Nurse (3 marks)
• Good communication skill and counselling ability
• Friendly, patient, empathetic and trustworthy
• Good observation and reporting skill
• Responsible, honest and maintains confidentiality
• Good health habits and acts as a health role-model in community
Functions of Community Health Nurse (5 marks)
• Provide promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services
• Conduct home visits, family health assessment and follow-up care
• Health education and behaviour change communication to public
• Implementation of national health programmes (e.g. immunization)
• Maintain records and reports, collect statistics and submit to PHC
• Assist in school health, MCH, family planning and nutrition services
• Coordinate with health workers and community agencies
16.
Define Minor Ailments (2 marks)
Minor ailments are common simple health problems which are usually
short-duration, self-limiting and can be treated at home or primary level
without specialised medical intervention.
(e.g. cold, cough, fever, cuts, abrasions, diarrhea, worm infestation)
17.
Explain the principles of managing minor ailments (5 marks)
• Early identification of signs and symptoms
• Maintain personal hygiene, clean environment and infection control
• Provide simple home-based treatment / first aid and comfort measures
• Use medicines safely – correct dose, route, timing, no misuse
• Nutritional support, adequate fluids, rest and sleep
• Educate patient on prevention and danger signs
• Refer to doctor / PHC immediately if symptoms become severe or do not improve
V. State the following statement is True / False
Answer :
- Soya bean is the poor source
of protein among pulses – False
(→ Soyabean is the richest source of protein among pulses) - Diabetes is a communicable
disease – False
(→ Diabetes is a non-communicable disease) - Amino acids are building
blocks of protein – True
- Models belongs to three
dimensional aids – True
VI. Write short notes for any THREE of the following
Answer :
22.
Concept of Health
• Health is a complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease. (WHO definition – 1948)
• Health is dynamic – it changes depending on lifestyle, environment, heredity
and services.
• Modern concept includes physical, mental, social, spiritual and emotional
dimensions.
• Health promotion, disease prevention, cure and rehabilitation are all parts
of the health concept.
23.
Housing Standards
• Good housing protects health and prevents disease.
• A house should have: adequate ventilation, lighting, safe water supply and
garbage removal.
• Sufficient floor space, damp-free walls, clean kitchen, sanitary latrine and
safe drainage.
• Minimum housing standards guided by IS Code / Public Health
Acts.
• Proper housing reduces respiratory infections, accidents, mental stress and
communicable diseases.
24.
Direct and Indirect Transmission of Diseases
Direct transmission:
• Occurs by direct contact from person to person.
• Methods: direct touch / kissing / sexual contact, droplet infection from
coughing, transplacental (mother to fetus), biting.
Indirect transmission:
• Occurs through an intermediate agent.
• Methods: vectors (mosquito flies), contaminated water/food (vehicle-borne),
fomites (utensils, clothes), air-borne, soil-borne.
25.
Responsibilities of Nurse in Referral System
• Identify patient conditions that need higher care.
• Prepare patient for referral – explain reason, maintain records/reports.
• Arrange safe transport, ensure referral slip, case sheet and treatment
details.
• Communicate with receiving hospital/centre.
• Provide follow-up after the patient returns and report outcomes to PHC/CHC.
26.
Factors Affecting Environmental Health
• Water quality and sanitation – polluted water spreads diarrhea, cholera.
• Housing and ventilation – poor ventilation causes TB, respiratory diseases.
• Waste disposal – improper garbage attracts flies, rodents, insects.
• Air pollution from industries, vehicles.
• Food contamination and adulteration.
• Social factors: education, income, cultural habits.
• Climate change and natural disasters also influence environmental health.
VII. Answer the following
Answer :
27.
Define MCH Care (3 marks)
MCH care means Maternal and Child Health care.
It refers to all the promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative health
services given to mothers (before, during and after pregnancy) and to children
(newborn to 5 years) with the aim to reduce maternal morbidity/mortality and
infant/child morbidity/mortality and to promote healthy growth and development.
28.
Explain the role of nurse in family health services (5 marks)
• Conduct home visits and family health assessment
• Identify health needs and problems of each family member
• Provide promotive, preventive and basic curative care
• Give health education: nutrition, sanitation, immunization, FP, breastfeeding
etc.
• Provide MCH services: ANC, PNC, newborn care, growth monitoring
• Implement national programmes (RCH, immunization, TB, malaria etc.)
• Maintain records and reports and do follow up
• Referral of high-risk cases to PHC / CHC / hospital
29.
Define Ventilation (2 marks)
Ventilation is the process of providing fresh air and removing used
/ foul air from a room to maintain purity of air and ensure comfort
and health.
30.
Explain the types and standards of ventilation (7 marks)
Types of Ventilation
1. Natural
ventilation
→ Air enters and leaves naturally through doors, windows and openings (wind
pressure & temperature difference).
Examples: cross ventilation, chimney effect.
2. Artificial
/ Mechanical ventilation
→ Air is moved mechanically using fans or machines.
Examples: exhaust fan, air-conditioning, blowers.
Standards of Ventilation
• 500 cubic feet of air space per person
• At least 2 to 3 air changes per hour
• Windows area = minimum 1/10th of floor area
• Cross ventilation must be present (opposite windows / openings)
• Openings should be above breathing level (3 feet above floor)
• Room should be free from dampness, smoke and foul smell
