4th Year B.Sc. MANAGEMENT OF NURSING SERVICES AND EDUCATION Winter

Fourth Basic B.Sc. Nursing Examination, Winter - 2023 (Phase - II)

MANAGEMENT OF NURSING SERVICES AND EDUCATION

(upto A.Y, 2018-19, 2019-20 Admitted Batch)

Duration: 3 Hours

Max.Marks:75

Instructions:

1) Use black ball point pen only.

2) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of act will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.

3) All questions are compulsory.

4) The number to the right indicates full marks.

5) Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

6) Distribution of syllabus in Question Paper is only meant to cover entire syllabus within the stipulated frame. The question paper pattern is a mere guideline. Questions can be asked from any paper's syllabus into any question paper. Students cannot claim that the question is out of syllabus. As it is only for the placement sake, the distribution has been done.

7) Use a common answer book for all sections.

Section - A

I. Short answer question (Solve any five out of six)

[5x5=25]

a) SWOT analysis

b) Theories of Management

c) Collective bargaining.

d) Current trends and issues in Nursing

e) Criteria of nursing profession.

f) Staff Development Programmed.

a) SWOT Analysis ✅

(Tool for organizational planning & self-assessment)

S – Strengths → Internal positive factors (e.g., skilled staff, good infrastructure).
W – Weaknesses → Internal limitations (e.g., staff shortage, limited resources).
O – Opportunities → External positive factors (e.g., new technology, govt. schemes).
T – Threats → External risks (e.g., competition, policy changes).

👉 Used for: Decision-making, planning, strategy building.

b) Theories of Management ✅

Classical Theory (Scientific Management – F.W. Taylor): Focus on efficiency, standardization, division of work.
Administrative Theory (Henri Fayol): 14 principles → planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, controlling.
Bureaucratic Theory (Max Weber): Authority, rules, hierarchy.
Human Relation Theory (Elton Mayo): Motivation, teamwork, employee satisfaction.
Modern Theories: Systems approach, contingency approach.

👉 Helps nurses in: Leadership, decision-making, staff management.

c) Collective Bargaining ✅

(Negotiation between employer & employee representatives)

Definition: Process of discussion & negotiation to reach agreement on working conditions.
Types:
1. Distributive bargaining (wages, benefits).
2. Integrative bargaining (win-win, problem solving).
3. Productivity bargaining.
4. Composite bargaining.
Importance in Nursing: Improves pay, working hours, safety, rights.
Outcome: Written contract/settlement.

d) Current Trends and Issues in Nursing ✅

Trends:
- Evidence-based practice.
- Use of AI, tele-nursing, robotics.
- Advanced nursing roles (NP, midwives, educators).
- Globalization & international recruitment.
- Focus on patient safety & quality care.
Issues:
- Nursing shortage.
- Burnout & stress.
- Ethical dilemmas.
- Workplace violence.
- Migration of nurses.

e) Criteria of Nursing Profession ✅

(Nursing as a profession must fulfill certain criteria)

Well-defined body of knowledge.
Specialized education (Nursing degrees/diplomas).
Service-oriented (patient care, health promotion).
Code of ethics (ICN, INC standards).
Autonomy in practice (decision-making power).
Professional organization (e.g., TNAI, ICN).
Ongoing research & evidence-based practice.

f) Staff Development Programme ✅

(Continuous process of training & improving staff performance)

Definition: Planned educational activities to improve knowledge, skills & attitudes of nurses.
Components:
1. Induction & orientation.
2. In-service education.
3. Continuing education.
4. Workshops, seminars, conferences.
5. On-the-job training & mentoring.
Benefits:
- Improves quality of care.
- Increases job satisfaction.
- Encourages professional growth.
- Reduces errors & turnover.

II. Long Answer Questions (any one out of two)

[1x15=15]

a) Define Curriculum.

List down the factors influence curriculum development.

List the steps in planning curriculum.

b) Define regulatory bodies.

List various regulatory bodies in India.

Discuss the role of regulatory bodies in India. Write in details about State Nursing Council.

a) Curriculum ✅

Definition of Curriculum:

Curriculum is a planned educational programme that outlines the learning experiences, objectives, content, teaching methods, and evaluation process.
According to Tyler: “Curriculum is all the learning experiences planned and directed by the school to achieve educational goals.”

Factors Influencing Curriculum Development:

Philosophical Factors → Philosophy of nursing, education, health policies.
Sociological Factors → Society’s needs, cultural values, social change.
Psychological Factors → Learner’s age, mental level, learning principles.
Political Factors → Government policies, health acts, political ideologies.
Economic Factors → Availability of funds, infrastructure, resources.
Technological Factors → Advancement in ICT, e-learning, simulation labs.
Professional Factors → Nursing standards, INC guidelines, global trends.

Steps in Planning Curriculum:

Identify aims and objectives (educational & professional).
Analyze needs of students, society, and profession.
Selection of content (theory, practical, clinical experience).
Organize content in a logical and progressive manner.
Select teaching methods (lecture, demonstration, problem-based learning).
Select learning experiences (clinical postings, simulation, community visits).
Develop evaluation methods (theory exams, viva, practical assessment).
Implementation of curriculum.
Feedback and revision.

👉 In Nursing: Ensures trained, competent, professional nurses.

b) Regulatory Bodies in Nursing (India) ✅

Definition:

Regulatory bodies are statutory organizations established by law to control, standardize, and supervise nursing education and practice.

Various Regulatory Bodies in India:

Indian Nursing Council (INC) – National regulatory authority.
State Nursing Councils – State-level authorities.
Universities & Boards of Nursing Education.
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
Nursing associations (e.g., TNAI – Trained Nurses Association of India).

Role of Regulatory Bodies in India:

Formulate standards for nursing education & practice.
Recognition & approval of nursing colleges, schools & courses.
Maintain uniform syllabus and curriculum guidelines.
Registration & licensing of nurses.
Ensure ethical practice & code of conduct.
Inspection & monitoring of nursing institutions.
Promote continuing nursing education & research.
Protect the rights of patients and nurses.

State Nursing Council (SNC) – In Detail:

Definition: Autonomous body at the state level regulating nursing education and practice.
Functions:
1. Registration of nurses, midwives, ANMs.
2. Renewal of registration & maintenance of records.
3. Conduct state-level nursing examinations.
4. Inspect & approve nursing schools/colleges in the state.
5. Enforce INC guidelines and state nursing regulations.
6. Handle disciplinary actions for malpractice/unethical conduct.
7. Promote professional development programs.
8. Liaise with government, INC & nursing associations.

Section - B

III. Short Answer Questions (any four out of five)

[4 x 5= 20]

a) Inventory Control

b) Accreditation.

c) Functions of Hospital.

d) Public relations in context of Nursing

e) Functional method of assignment

a) Inventory Control ✅

Definition: A scientific method of storing, recording & supervising supplies, drugs, and equipment to ensure availability without overstocking.
Objectives:
1. Ensure continuous supply of materials.
2. Avoid shortage (stock out).
3. Prevent wastage & pilferage.
4. Economical purchasing.
5. Maintain accurate stock records.
Methods:
- ABC analysis (Always Better Control).
- VED analysis (Vital, Essential, Desirable).
- FIFO & LIFO (First in–First out / Last in–First out).

👉 In Nursing: Ensures smooth hospital services & cost efficiency.

b) Accreditation ✅

Definition: A formal recognition that an institution meets established standards of quality in education, service, or practice.
Objectives:
1. Assure quality & patient safety.
2. Improve institutional performance.
3. Build public confidence.
4. Promote continuous improvement.
Agencies in India:
- NABH (National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers).
- NAAC (National Assessment and Accreditation Council – for education).
- INC (Indian Nursing Council – for nursing institutions).

👉 Importance in Nursing: Ensures standard nursing education & quality patient care.

c) Functions of Hospital ✅

Curative function – Diagnosis & treatment of illness.
Preventive function – Immunization, health education, screening.
Promotive function – Nutrition, lifestyle modification, wellness clinics.
Rehabilitative function – Physiotherapy, counseling, vocational training.
Educational function – Training of nurses, doctors, health workers.
Research function – Clinical & nursing research, innovation.
Administrative function – Policy making, record keeping, quality assurance.

👉 Hospitals are not only for treatment but also centers for education & research.

d) Public Relations in Context of Nursing ✅

Definition: Planned effort by nurses to build good relations with patients, families, community, and health organizations.
Objectives:
1. Create trust and confidence.
2. Improve nurse-patient relationship.
3. Promote positive image of nursing profession.
4. Help in conflict resolution.
5. Provide health information to public.
Methods:
- Effective communication.
- Patient counseling.
- Community participation.
- Transparency in services.

👉 Good PR in nursing improves patient satisfaction & professional respect.

e) Functional Method of Assignment ✅

Definition: A task-oriented system where each nurse is assigned a specific function for all patients.
Examples:
- One nurse gives all medications.
- Another nurse does dressing for all patients.
- Another records vital signs.
Advantages:
1. High efficiency in routine tasks.
2. Useful in large hospitals.
3. Less staff required.
Disadvantages:
1. Fragmented care (no holistic approach).
2. Lack of continuity in nurse-patient relationship.
3. May cause patient dissatisfaction.

IV. Long Answer Questions (any one out of two)

[1x5=15]

a) Define Staffing. List objectives of staffing.

Write in detail process of conflict resolution in personal management.

b) Define the term leadership.

Explain the various leadership styles.

Discuss the necessary qualities and techniques of Nurse leader

a) Staffing & Conflict Resolution ✅

Definition of Staffing:

Staffing is the management function of recruiting, selecting, training, placing and retaining the right number and kind of staff to achieve organizational goals.

Objectives of Staffing:

To ensure adequate number of personnel.
To place right person in the right job.
To promote professional development & training.
To improve efficiency and productivity.
To maintain job satisfaction and retention.
To achieve organizational goals effectively.

Process of Conflict Resolution in Personnel Management:

(Conflict = disagreement between individuals or groups in workplace)

Steps:

Identify the conflict → Detect cause (workload, communication gap, personality clash).
Clarify positions → Allow each party to express their views.
Encourage open communication → Listen actively & acknowledge concerns.
Analyze the issue → Identify underlying needs & interests.
Explore alternatives → Brainstorm possible solutions.
Negotiate & reach agreement → Win–win solutions preferred.
Implement solution → Apply the agreed strategy.
Follow-up & evaluate → Check if resolution is effective.

Methods of Conflict Resolution:

Avoidance – Ignoring minor conflicts.
Accommodation – One side yields.
Competition – One side wins, other loses.
Compromise – Each side gives up something.
Collaboration – Win–win solution.

👉 In Nursing: Helps maintain teamwork, reduces stress, improves patient care.

b) Leadership in Nursing ✅

Definition of Leadership:

Leadership is the ability to influence, guide, and motivate others towards achieving organizational goals.
A nurse leader directs the nursing team in providing quality patient care.

Various Leadership Styles:

Autocratic (Authoritarian):
- Leader makes all decisions.
- Quick action but reduces staff satisfaction.
Democratic (Participative):
- Decisions made with team participation.
- Encourages motivation & creativity.
Laissez-faire (Free-rein):
- Leader gives freedom to staff to make decisions.
- Works well with skilled & motivated staff.
Transformational Leadership:
- Inspires and motivates staff for innovation & growth.
Transactional Leadership:
- Based on reward & punishment system.
Situational Leadership:
- Leader adapts style according to situation & staff maturity.

Qualities of a Nurse Leader:

Professional competence – Clinical knowledge & skills.
Good communication skills – Clear & empathetic.
Decision-making ability.
Integrity & honesty.
Emotional intelligence.
Motivational & inspiring.
Flexibility & adaptability.
Accountability & responsibility.

Techniques of Nurse Leadership:

Effective delegation.
Team building & motivation.
Conflict management.
Setting clear goals & vision.
Continuous supervision & feedback.
Encouraging professional development.

👉 Importance in Nursing: Strong nurse leadership ensures better patient care, staff satisfaction, reduced conflict, and professional growth.

Search This Blog

Nursing Exam Pro